Making migration to Linux easier
Making-the-move asks: Can you offer any tips for making the migration to Linux easier? I have no experience and don't know where to start.
DistroWatch answers: I have a few suggestions for making the transition from one operating system to another easier. The main one is to experiment and move in stages rather than taking an all-or-nothing approach. One of the more common complaints I hear from people trying to shift from Windows (or macOS) to Linux is that they wiped their computer's drive, installed Linux, and then discovered one or two things were not working as they expected, so they switched back to their previous operating system.
There are always going to be issues when making a switch from one operating system to another. Settings are in different places, connecting to external devices will work differently, and there are different applications to learn. Not everything is going to work exactly the way you hope it will from Day One. Luckily, most issues can be solved, given a little time and a little help from the on-line community, so give yourself that time to explore by making the migration in small steps.
The first stage I recommend is testing out Linux in a virtual machine. More specifically, test out a few different flavours of Linux in a virtual machine. A virtual environment is isolated from your main operating system, a virtual machine can be deleted without effecting your main system, and you can test drive different distributions and desktops in the virtual environment without interfering with your normal daily operations. This gives you time to explore, to find out what Linux does differently, and gives you a chance to get comfortable with it.
The next step I would suggest is taking note of any application differences between your existing operating system and the Linux distribution you have selected. A lot of software which runs on Windows and macOS will also run on Linux, but not everything does. There are usually alternatives though, or ways to get the Windows software you use to run on Linux through a compatibility layer.
Most of the people I've assisted in making the jump to Linux transitioned in stages. We started by moving them from one Windows application to the Linux equivalent, one program at a time. We installed Thunderbird alongside Outlook, LibreOffice alongside Microsoft Office, Krita alongside Paint, Rhythmbox next to Winamp, etc. This allowed the user to remain in a familiar environment while getting accustomed to running open source alternatives to their usual applications. Once they were proficient with the new applications, we moved to the next step.
The third phase I recommend is using a live environment to test your distribution of choice. Most desktop distributions offer a live environment (one that runs from a thumb drive). This gives you a chance to boot your computer from the thumb drive, set up a printer, confirm your wireless connection can be enabled, see if your Bluetooth headset works, and make sure videos stream without any lag in your web browser.
The benefit of using a live system on a thumb drive is that it will give you a chance to find any hardware-related problems and find solutions before committing to a full install on your local drive. When you unplug the thumb drive and reboot, you're back to using your original operating system.
The fourth phase is what I like to call the "What if everything goes wrong?" step. Less dramatically, it might be called "Plan B". Usually migrations to Linux go as planned, especially if we've successfully completed the above three steps. However, sometimes computers seem to have minds of their own, and it is always good to have a fallback plan if things don't work the way we had hoped they would.
I recommend making backups of everything. Your documents, photos, videos, e-mails, browser bookmarks - your user's entire home directory. Make sure you have copies of everything. I also recommend making a list of applications you use and making sure you have a thumb drive or DVD from which you can install your original operating system. Again, installing Linux usually goes smoothly, but making copies of everything and having install media for your original operating system means that even in a worst-case scenario, you can be back up and running with your previous operating system in short order.
Finally, take the plunge! Install Linux, either letting it take over your entire system or dual-booting it alongside the previous operating system. Welcome to the community!
